南京明孝陵導游詞（精選11篇）
1. 南京明孝陵導游詞 篇一
各位游客：
明孝陵坐落在南京市鐘山南麓獨龍阜玩珠峰下，它是明朝開國皇帝朱元璋及皇后馬氏的陵寢。為第一批全國重點文物保護單位。這座已有600多年歷史的明代皇家陵墓以其墓主顯赫、規模宏大、形制獨特、環境優美而著稱。20__年，明孝陵申報世界遺產成功，更使得這座開創明清皇陵制度的明孝陵成為了世人矚目的焦點。
明孝陵經過600多年的歷史滄桑，許多建筑物的木結構部分已不存在，但它的所有建筑遺存都完好地保留在原地，空間布局上完整如初，文化遺存所在的自然景觀未受損壞，它們足以顯示明孝陵在中國帝陵發展過程中所擁有的獨特的設計理念、制度格局、營造規模和藝術成就。如今，分布于北京、湖北、河北等省、市的明清皇家陵寢都是以明孝陵的規制和模式而建造的，從這種意義上說，明孝陵不愧是一件天才的藝術杰作，是中國文化發展到高度成熟時期的一項綜合性成果，它開創了明清帝陵的一代新制，在中國帝陵發展史中具有里程碑的價值和地位。
它是明初政治思想、社會文化、審美意識、建筑技術和國家財力的結晶。陵寢布局設計和建筑形式，具有鮮明的時代風格和典范精神。既繼承了漢、唐、宋帝陵制度中的優秀成分，又創建了新的帝陵制度。明孝陵的陵寢制度，規范著明、清兩代500多年帝陵建設的總體格局和風貌，其地位崇高，影響極為深遠。
2. 南京明孝陵導游詞 篇二
各位游客：南京有“帝王之洲”之稱，各個朝代在南京都留下了大批古跡和遺址。現在我們要去參觀游覽的是明孝陵。
【明孝陵的地理位置—選址經過—營建過程】
明孝陵是明朝開國皇帝朱元津和皇后馬氏的合葬墓，它位于紫金山南麓獨龍阜玩珠峰下，是南京規模最大，保存最完好的一座帝王陵墓。至今已有600多年的歷史了。
中國歷代帝王對陵地的選擇非常慎重，特別注重選擇“吉壤”之地，即風水寶地。每次外出選址，除派遣朝廷一、二品官員外，還要吸納通曉地理、會看風水的方士參加。選好陵地后，皇帝還必須親自審視現場，滿意了才被最后確定下來。朱元璋登基后不久，就很關心自己死后的“天堂”，便開始籌劃營建陵墓。據說，他曾把劉伯溫、徐達、常遇春、湯和等大臣召來，商議選址。五人約定各自先把所選最佳墓址寫在紙上，然后同時公開。結果，英雄所見略同，都寫著“獨龍阜玩珠峰”。
所以，朱元津陵墓的墓址就這樣定了下來。獨龍阜是一座位于紫金山主峰之下的小山丘，高150米，直徑約400米，像是一座巨大的天然墳冢。中國的封建皇帝常把自身比作真龍天子，在獨龍阜建陵，很符合封建迷信的要求。明孝陵于洪武九年(1376年)開始籌建，主管造陵工程的是中軍都督府企事李新。當時，動用大量民工，遷走了前人留下來的幾十座寺廟。自東晉、南朝以來，佛教在中國得到了廣泛的傳播，梁武帝甚至把佛教當作國教，因此南京寺廟林立。東晉時，有佛寺300多所，南朝增加到近500所，僧侶達10萬之眾。
唐代杜牧詩：“南朝四百八十寺，多少樓臺煙雨中。”正是當年南京佛寺興盛的寫照。除了遷寺之外，甚至還遷走了不少前人的陵墓。但當要遷走三國時孫權的陵墓(在今南京梅花山上)時，朱元津說了一句話：“孫權也是一條好漢，留著他守門。”才沒被遷走。洪武十五年(1382年)，第一期工程完成后，正好遇上馬皇后去世，朱元津為她舉行了隆重的葬禮，并將其靈樞葬人陵墓，封她為“孝慈皇后”，陵墓的名稱也由此而來。
1383年，孝陵的主體工程大殿建成。1392年，皇太子朱標去世，葬在孝陵東，稱為東陵。洪武三十一年(1398年)建成“大明孝陵神功圣德碑”，整個建陵工程才告結束，工程歷時23年。朱元津臨終前，曾留下遺命;“喪儀物一以儉素，不用金玉，孝陵山川因其故無所改，天下臣民三口皆釋服，無妨嫁娶。”這顯然是朱元璋收買人心的把戲。整座明孝陵可謂規模恢宏。
在漫長的23年工程建設中，耗盡了民脂民膏。當時墓區內植樹萬株，養鹿千頭，派守的衛兵多達5700人。其范圍之廣，規模之大，在明代以前是少見的。而且朱元津下葬時，有40位嬪妃殉葬，其中2人葬在孝陵東、西兩側，38人從葬于孝陵。這暴露了中國封建統治階級的殘忍，他們不僅生前要享受榮華富豪，死后仍要“雖死猶生”，實行厚葬，不惜百姓性命。
3. 南京明孝陵導游詞 篇三
各位游客：過了御河橋，折向西北就是陵墓的神道。神道分為兩段：第一段為東西向，名石象路，因路上有高大的石象而得名。石象路長615米，路上兩側分列6種12對共24只石獸，每種4只，兩蹲兩立，自東向西排列著獅、獬豸、駱駝、象、麒麟和馬。這些石獸各有寓意：獅為百獸之王，顯示帝王的威嚴，它既是皇權的象征，又起到鎮魔辟邪的作用；獬豸是“神羊”，獨角、獅身、青毛，秉性忠直，能明辨是非，相傳舜帝時管刑法的官員皋陶豢養獬豸，如果遇到兩人爭斗，它能用角抵觸無理有罪的人，后人奉它為公正的神獸，在這里用來標榜皇帝是執法如山的圣明天子；駱駝象征著沙漠與熱帶，表示大明疆域遼闊，皇帝威鎮四方；大象是獸中巨物，性格溫良，寓有“順民”的意思，另外它四腿粗壯有力，堅如磐石，表示國家江山的穩固；麒麟是傳說中的“四靈”(麟、鳳、龜、龍)之首，它是披鱗甲、不履生草、不食生物的仁獸，雄的叫麒，雌的叫麟，象征“仁義之君”和吉祥、光明；馬，在古代是帝王南征北戰、統一江山的重要坐騎，在戰火紛飛的戰場上常常立下汗馬功勞，它具有“老馬識途”的智慧，“馬不停蹄”的能耐，“一馬當先”的奉獻精神和忠于職守的高尚品德，為歷代封建統治者所鐘愛。明孝陵神道的6種石獸中，以象為最大，重達80噸，都取材于江蘇大連山。當時為了將這些石獸運抵明孝陵，冬季時，在路面上灑水結成冰，再用粗大的竹、木作滾軸，用讓眾人一路上推滾的辦法來完成運輸任務。石獸盡處，神道折向正北。這一段神道從望柱起到根星門止，長250米，俗稱翁仲路。
現在我們看到的這對圓形擎天柱，上面刻有蟠龍紋飾，這就是華表。華表在古代通常用作陵墓、宮殿、宗廟的標志。其實原先的華表與我們現在見到的不一樣，它是一根木柱，后來演變為在靠近木柱頂部安上短的橫木或木板，把它豎立在交通要道或是朝堂上，讓人書寫諫言，或是起到表識作用。這種表柱也叫柜表，因為遠看好像一朵花，而古時候花與華是相通的，所以又叫華表。墓前立華表始于戰國時的燕昭王，到西漢時已很盛行，但當時也都是木制的。用石柱作華表，直到東漢才盛行，東漢時的石柱周圍有瓜棱形直紋，柱上還題刻著“某官職某某神道”的字樣。到南朝梁代，石柱上端出現了蓮花紋因蓋及蹲坐的小辟邪。唐乾陵的`石柱、柱身、柱礎、柱頂出現了卷草紋雕飾。宋陵石柱通體都刻有龍紋。由于受宗教的影響，柱頂端也逐漸演變成承露盤和立在上面的望天犼。華表上的犼頭朝外，表示望君歸；華表上的犼頭朝里，表示望君出。由于犼性好望，所以凡有石犼蹲立的華表又稱“望柱”。不知大家發現沒有，從明孝陵神道到這對華表為止改變了走向，呈南北向，而不像其他皇陵呈直線排列。據說這是為了繞開孫權陵墓，遵守朱元津不遷孫陵，讓他為朱元津看守大門的諾言，所以使神道呈彎月形，環抱著梅花山。每到初春時分，漫山遍野的梅花吐艷，宛如一片“香雪海”。
4. 南京明孝陵導游詞 篇四
現在我們看到的是金水橋，金水橋的后方就是明孝陵的陵寢建筑，金水橋原本有五座，正對著陵宮的五座大門，后毀于清咸豐年間的戰火，清代只重新修復了三座，我們可以看到橋面與橋基的石雕任然是明代遺物，橋欄為清代重修。從這里開始，建筑依照中國傳統，坐北朝南，中軸對稱。
順坡而上，我們首先看到的是文武方門，這是陵宮的大門。它黃瓦，朱門，紅墻，相互映襯，盡顯皇家的氣派。這座門是1988年根據史料重修的大門，在門前在墻外的東側，有一座特別告示碑，立于宣統元年，上面用日德意法英俄六國文字書寫，內容是告誡游人要保護孝陵。
進了文武方門，我們就來到了碑殿，碑殿原為孝陵享殿前的大門，因大門在太平天國的戰火中，清同治年間將毀壞的大門改建為碑殿，殿內共有五塊碑刻，正中一塊上刻“治隆唐宋”，為康熙皇帝手書，意思是贊譽朱元璋治理國家的功績超過了唐太宗李世民、宋太祖趙匡胤。作為滿清皇帝的康熙如此昭示天下，一方面表示了他對朱元璋的尊重和欽佩之意，另一方面也是有其良苦用心的。康熙執政之初，漢人不服滿人統治。康熙深知，光靠滿人高壓政策是不行的，還須依靠漢人。他一生六次南巡，五次親謁明孝陵，行三跪九叩的大禮，并在1699年第三次南巡謁陵時題“治隆唐宋”，借此籠絡人心。作為旁邊兩塊是乾隆皇帝謁陵時所題的詩碑。后面還有兩塊臥碑分別記敘康熙皇帝第一次和第三次南巡時謁太祖陵的紀事，上面有兩江總督陶岱以及江南織造郎中曹寅所書的記錄。
這座建筑是孝陵原主要建筑享殿，即孝陵殿舊址，可以看到原有漢白玉的三層須彌座臺基，臺基高三米，三層臺基的四角上還遺留石雕的螭首，臺基前后各處踏跺三道。塌跺中置丹陛。上陛為“二龍戲珠”，中陛為“日照山河”，下陛為“天馬行空”三層須彌座上為享殿，里面是供奉朱元璋及馬皇后的神位。原來的殿宇毀于清咸豐年間的戰火，我們現在看到臺基地面上保留下來的56個巨大的石柱礎，每個的直徑都有0.91米，看到這里就不難想象當時的享殿是多么的壯觀。當年的孝陵殿面闊九間，進深五間，重檐廡殿頂，上覆黃色琉璃瓦，斗拱挑檐，高大森嚴，當時孝陵的規模遠比北京十三陵明成祖的長陵享殿要大。現在我們看到的是清代同治年間修復的三開間的小殿，規模已大不如前。
經過內紅門，走過升仙橋，眼前的建筑就是方城，方城是寶頂前面的一座巨大建筑，外部用大條石與巨大的磚石砌成，方城東西兩側各有八字墻一堵，墻面四角飾有磚雕花紋，這些磚雕是明代初年的代表作品。穿過方城正中54級甬道，迎面就是寶城的南墻，正面可見用十三層條石壘筑，上書“此山明太祖之墓”七個大字，據說這七個字刻于民國初年，是用以回答游人詢問的。
從寶城與方城之間的東西夾道折向南拾級而上，可以登上明樓，它原先是一座重檐歇山頂，上覆黃色琉璃瓦的精美建筑，后毀于清代太平天國的戰火，僅存四壁，20xx年明樓加頂保護工程完成，已修復上午明樓于20xx年7月正式對游客開放，里面展出了明代分布在全國的十九處帝王陵墓的圖片資料。
方城后面就是寶頂，它是一個直徑325——400米的圓形大土丘，寶頂上樹木參天，它的下面就是朱元璋馬皇后埋葬的玄宮。寶城就是圍繞寶頂周長約1100米的磚城。寶城寶頂的皇陵形制開創了明清500多年帝陵的先河。只是明代的寶頂大致為圓形，清代帝陵的寶頂改為橢圓形了。
今天在明孝陵的東側還保存有明太子朱標的東陵遺址，在當年明孝陵陵區鐘山之陰還建有數座明代功臣墓。
中國古代的帝王陵墓形制最初為秦漢時的方上，代表陵墓為陜西的秦始皇陵，唐代改為依山為陵，代表陵墓有陜西唐高宗李治與女皇武則天的唐乾陵，宋代帝王陵為規模比較小的方上，明代朱元璋首創了寶城寶頂、前朝后寢的陵墓形式。
明朝自1368年建都，至1644年滅亡，前后有16位皇帝，除南京明孝陵外，其余皇陵均在北京，只有建文帝朱允炆沒有陵墓。諸多的明代陵墓遺存給我們留下了無數觀賞之處。
中國古代陵墓作為中國文化的遺存，為后人研究與了解中國古代經濟與文化留下了重要的實物資料。各位游客朋友，我們今天的參觀就要這里結束，感謝大家對我的導游工作的配合，歡迎您再次游覽明孝陵!
5. 南京明孝陵導游詞 篇五
Dear tourists, the scenic spot we are going to visit is the Ming XiaolingMausoleum, which is located in Dulong, Mt. Zijin. Xiaoling Tomb of the MingDynasty is the joint Tomb of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, andhis Empress Ma Shi. Zhu Yuanzhang was born in 1328 to a poor peasant family inFengyang, Anhui Province. He joined Huangjue temple at the age of 17, joined thered scarf army of Guo Zixing at the end of the Yuan Dynasty in 1352, led thearmy to conquer Nanjing in 1356, and ascended the throne in 1368.
Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty was built in 1381. In 1382, it wasburied in empress Ma Shi. In 1398, it was buried here after Zhu Yuanzhang diedof illness. The project was not completed until 1413. It was named Xiaolingbecause Zhu Yuanzhang advocated "governing the world with filial piety" on theone hand, and because empress Ma was posthumously named "Xiaoci" on the other.Therefore, the tomb was called "Xiaoling" in the Ming Dynasty and "Xiaoling" inthe Qing Dynasty to show the difference between dynasties.
Relying on Zijin Mountain, the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum has a windingShinto. The mausoleum abides by the tradition of Chinese architecture, and itscentral axis is symmetrical. It is the first Mausoleum of Baocheng Baoding. Themausoleum shape of the former dynasty and the later Dynasty is the firstMausoleum of the Ming and Qing Dynasties for more than 600 years. As a nationalkey cultural relic protection unit, it was listed in the world cultural heritagelist in 20__.
What we see now is the first gate of the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, dajinmen.In those days, a 45 Li external wall extended from both sides of dajinmen,including the whole Zijinshan.
The roof and gate of the old golden gate, which was covered with yellowglazed tiles, have disappeared. Only the castle and the three arches.
Over the golden gate, we came to Sifang city. It turned out to be a stelePavilion. Because the top of the pavilion was destroyed by the war in XianfengPeriod of Qing Dynasty, only four walls and four door tickets were left. Eachside is 26.86 meters long, just like an ancient castle. So Nanjing peoplecommonly call it Sifang city. There is a tablet of "the miraculous work of theXiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty" in the city, which is 6.7 meters highIt's 2.08 meters high and called Mian. It's said that it's one of the nine sonsof the dragon. It's very heavy. This tablet is the largest Ming tablet inNanjing. The inscription is written by Zhu Di, the founder of the Ming Dynasty.It has 2746 words and is divided into seven parts. First, it describes his lifeexperience and was born in Jurong family. Second, it asks for the people'sorders and makes a great fortune. Third, it calms down the world, ascends thethrone and becomes emperor, cezhonggong and the crown prince, and is granted thesame surname. Fourth, it abolishes Zhongshu and sets up six departments to takecharge of military power. Fifth, it attaches importance to talents and the studyof founding a nation; 6、 He lived a simple life, and asked him to be buried withMa after his death in Xiaoling; 7. The name of 57 royal children and 144 fourcharacter eulogies, the inscription is a high praise of Zhu Yuanzhang's life.The completion of the monument of the great Ming Xiaoling was in 1413, whichmarks the end of the Ming Xiaoling project. Behind Zhu Di's great contributionto Zhu Yuanzhang, in fact, he built up his own prestige in Dashu, so as to showthe legitimacy of inheriting the throne. He originally sent tens of thousands ofmigrant workers to chisel a huge stele in the eastern suburb of Nanjing. If thecap, body and base of the stele were 72 meters high, they were too huge tocarry, so they were abandoned.
After passing the Yuhe bridge, we come to the Shinto of the XiaolingMausoleum of the Ming Dynasty. The Shinto is divided into two sections. Thefirst section is Shixiang road. On both sides of the road, there are six kindsof Stone Beasts, four in each group, standing on both sides and squatting onboth sides. Kirin is the king of animals, symbolizing the majesty of kings, andChina _ s legendary law beast, symbolizing the integrity of kings; camels arethe boats of the desert, showing the vast territory of Ming Dynasty and thetranquility of the western regions of the country; the elephant is a symbol ofthe country and the people, and the people are obedient; the unicorn is a kindof monster of Chinese mythology and legend, symbolizing the benevolence of theemperor. The last animal to see is a horse, which symbolizes loyalty to theemperor. The main purpose of placing these stone beasts on both sides of theShinto is to record Zhu Yuanzhang's achievements, to show the prosperity of theMing Dynasty, and to pray for the suppression of demons and evil spirits.
Walking along the stone statue Road, the second section of Shinto,wengzhong Road, lies ahead. There is a pair of pillar at the intersection, whichis also called Huabiao. The Shinto standing in front of the mausoleum is alsocalled lingbiao. There is the function of indicating the road here. From here,Shinto begins to turn due north. On wengzhong Road, there were two pairs ofmilitary generals, who were wearing armor and holding a wat board in theirhands. They were burly, and two pairs of civil ministers, who were wearing courtclothes and holding wat boards in their hands, were solemn. They are a pair ofyoung people and a pair of middle-aged people respectively, which indicates thatthere are successors in Daming. At the end of the Shinto Road, there is aLingxing gate with six pillars and three gates. The original gate was destroyedin the war in Xianfeng Period of the Qing Dynasty. Now the Lingxing gate isrestored in 20__ according to historical data. This is the ceremonial gate forvisiting the mausoleum.
On the east side of Shixiang Road, there is a hill called Meihua Mountain.Shinto turns a bend around Meihua Mountain. It turns out that this mountain wasthe mausoleum of Sun Quan in the eastern Wu Dynasty. During the construction ofthe Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty, someone suggested that thismausoleum should be removed. However, Zhu Yuanzhang said, "Sun Quan is also ahero. Let me see the gate." so the Shinto curved and became the natural barrierof the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty. Now it has become a famous plumappreciation base in Nanjing.
Now we see the Jinshui bridge. Behind the Jinshui bridge is the mausoleumbuilding of Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty. There were five Jinshui bridgesfacing the five gates of the mausoleum palace, which were destroyed by the warin Xianfeng Period of Qing Dynasty. Only three of them were restored in QingDynasty. We can see that the stone carvings on the bridge deck and bridgefoundation are still relics of Ming Dynasty, and the bridge railings wererebuilt in Qing Dynasty. Starting from here, the building is in accordance withChinese tradition, with the north facing south and the central axissymmetrical.
Up the slope, the first thing we see is the square gate of Wenwu, which isthe gate of the mausoleum palace. Its yellow tile, red door and red wall set offeach other, showing the royal style. This gate was rebuilt in 1988 according tohistorical materials. In front of the gate, on the east side of the wall, thereis a special notice tablet, which was erected in the first year of Xuantong. Itis written in the characters of Japan, Germany, Italy, France, Britain andRussia. The content is to warn visitors to protect Xiaoling.
Entering the Wenwu square gate, we come to the Beidian. The Beidian wasoriginally the gate in front of the Xiaoling hall. Because the gate wasdestroyed in the war of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the destroyed gate wasrebuilt into a Beidian in the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. There are fiveinscriptions in the hall. In the middle of the five inscriptions, "Zhilong Tangand Song Dynasty" is inscribed in the handwriting of Emperor Kangxi, which meansthat Zhu Yuanzhang's achievements in governing the country surpass those ofEmperor Taizong Li Shimin and Emperor Songtai in the Tang Dynasty Zhao Kuangyin.Kangxi, as the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, showed his respect and admirationfor Zhu Yuanzhang on the one hand, and on the other hand, he had his own goodintentions. At the beginning of the reign of Kangxi, the Han people did notaccept the Manchu rule. Kangxi knew that it was not enough to rely on theManchu's high pressure policy alone, but also on the Han people. He visitedXiaoling of Ming Dynasty six times and five times in his life. He knelt downthree times and kowtowed nine times. In 1699, when he visited Xiaoling of MingDynasty for the third time, he wrote "Zhilong Tang and Song Dynasty" to win thehearts of the people. Next to them are two steles inscribed by Emperor Qianlongwhen he visited the mausoleum. There are also two lying steles on the back,which respectively record the first and third visits to Taizu mausoleum duringEmperor Kangxi's southern tour. There are records written by Tao Dai, governorof Liangjiang and Cao Yin, weaving doctor in Jiangnan.
This building is the former site of Xiaoling hall, which is the mainbuilding of Xiaoling. You can see the three-story xumizuo platform base of theoriginal white marble. The platform base is three meters high. The four cornersof the three-story platform base are still left with stone carved head. Thereare three steps around the platform base. It's the middle of the road. On thethird floor of xumizuo is the hall of enjoyment, which is dedicated to ZhuYuanzhang and empress ma. The original palace was destroyed by the war inXianfeng Period of the Qing Dynasty. Now we can see 56 huge stone pillars on theplatform foundation, each with a diameter of 0.91 meters. It's easy to imaginehow spectacular the hall was at that time. At that time, the hall of Xiaolingwas nine rooms wide and five rooms deep, with double eaves, covered with yellowglazed tiles and a bucket arch overhanging eaves. The scale of Xiaoling was muchlarger than that of Changling Hall of Ming Chengzu in Beijing. What we see nowis the three Bay small hall restored during the reign of Tongzhi in the QingDynasty, which is not as large as before.
Passing through the inner red gate and the Shengxian bridge, the buildingin front of you is Fangcheng. Fangcheng is a huge building in front of Baoding.The outside is made of big stones and huge bricks. There are eight characterwalls on the East and west sides of Fangcheng. The four corners of the wall aredecorated with brick carvings. These brick carvings are representative works ofthe early Ming Dynasty. Passing through the 54th level corridor in the center ofFangcheng, you can see the south wall of Baocheng. On the front of the wall, youcan see that it is built with 13 layers of stones. It is said that the sevencharacters were engraved in the early years of the Republic of China to answervisitors' questions.
From the East-West corridor between Baocheng and Fangcheng, you can climbto the minglou. It was originally a beautiful building with double eaves andyellow glazed tiles. It was destroyed by the war of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdomin the Qing Dynasty. Only four walls are left. In 20__, the minglou protectionproject was completed, and it has been restored. In July 20__, the minglou wasofficially opened to tourists, showing the distribution of Ming Dynasty in ChinaThere are 19 mausoleums of emperors in China.
Behind the Fangcheng is Baoding, which is a large round mound with adiameter of 325-400m. On the top of the mound are towering trees, and below itis the palace where empress Ma of Zhu Yuanzhang was buried. Baocheng is a brickcity with a circumference of 1100 meters around Baoding. The imperial mausoleumin Baoding of Baocheng city is the first mausoleum in Ming and Qing Dynastiesfor more than 500 years. It's just that the Ming Dynasty's top is roughly round,while the Qing Dynasty's Mausoleum's top is oval.
Today, the east side of the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty haspreserved the site of the Dongling Mausoleum of Zhu Biao, Prince of the MingDynasty.
In ancient China, the imperial mausoleum was originally built in Fangshangof Qin and Han Dynasties. The representative mausoleum was Qinshihuang Mausoleumin Shaanxi Province. In Tang Dynasty, it was changed to the mausoleum near themountain. The representative mausoleum included Tang Qianling Mausoleum of LiZhi, Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty and Empress Wu Zetian of Shaanxi Province.In Song Dynasty, the imperial mausoleum was built in Fangshang of relativelysmall scale. In Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang initiated the mausoleum form ofBaocheng Baoding mausoleum and former dynasty and later Dynasty mausoleum.
The Ming Dynasty established its capital in 1368 and perished in 1644.There were 16 emperors before and after it. Except for the Ming XiaolingMausoleum in Nanjing, the rest of the mausoleums were in Beijing. Only JianwenEmperor Zhu Yunwen had no mausoleum. Many tombs of the Ming Dynasty have left uscountless places to watch.
As the remains of Chinese culture, ancient Chinese mausoleums have leftimportant material materials for later generations to study and understandancient Chinese economy and culture. Dear tourist friends, today's visit iscoming to an end. Thank you for your cooperation in my tour guide work. Welcometo visit Ming Xiaoling again!
6. 南京明孝陵導游詞 篇六
There are countless places of interest in China. They are thecrystallization and painstaking efforts of many ancient and modern people. TodayI want to talk about the Zhongshan Mausoleum and the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum inNanjing.
Our family took a bus to the east gate of the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum earlyin the morning. After we bought the tickets, we entered the garden. As soon aswe entered the garden, we saw a large area of land, on which many plum blossomswere planted. Those plum blossoms were all budding flowers, some of which werealready blooming. Just like the smiling faces of children, they were so pure, sobrilliant, and they were full of fragrance There was a charming smell. Then, aswe went on, we saw a signboard which said "Shinto goes from here". So we wentalong the direction it pointed to. Along the way, there were many bronzewarriors on both sides of the road. They were tall and powerful, like thewarriors guarding here. Then, we went on, and we came to the huge city guardingthe imperial mausoleum. We entered through the main gate of the city, wherethere were more than 200 steps. We made great efforts to climb up the city, andhere was the end, because the Royal Cemetery was not allowed to enter. So wewent into the lobby, which was empty, but the ground had to be 20 meters awayfrom the roof. I began to admire these ancients. How did they build the city sohigh? This is still a mystery in my heart.
Not to mention this, let's take a look at Zhongshan Mausoleum. It's a verylarge site, which can show our Chinese nation's respect for great people. At aglance, there is a slope on both sides of the tree, which leads directly to thememorial hall. When I arrived, it was closed, but I was shocked. How they builtsuch a large national name and Party emblem firmly on it is also a mystery in myheart.
How happy the visit is!
7. 南京明孝陵導游詞 篇七
Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty is located at the foot of MountQomolangma in Dulong Fuwan, south of Zhongshan Mountain in Nanjing. It is themausoleum of the founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang and empress Ma Shi. It is thefirst batch of national key cultural relics protection units. This royalmausoleum of the Ming Dynasty, which has a history of more than 600 years, isfamous for its prominent owner, large scale, unique shape and beautifulenvironment. In 20__, the Ming Xiaoling was successfully declared as a worldheritage site, which made the Ming Xiaoling, which initiated the imperialmausoleum system of Ming and Qing Dynasties, become the focus of worldattention.
After more than 600 years of historical vicissitudes, the wooden structureof many buildings no longer exists, but all of its architectural remains areintact in place, the spatial layout is intact, and the natural landscape wherethe cultural remains are located is not damaged. They are enough to show theunique design concept, system pattern, construction scale and cultural value ofMing Xiaoling in the development process of Chinese imperial mausoleum Artisticachievements. Nowadays, the Royal mausoleums of Ming and Qing Dynastiesdistributed in Beijing, Hubei, Hebei and other provinces and cities are allbuilt according to the regulation and mode of Ming Xiaoling. In this sense, MingXiaoling is a masterpiece of art and a comprehensive achievement in the highlymature period of Chinese culture. It has created a new generation of Ming andQing Imperial Mausoleums and has a long history in the development of ChineseImperial Mausoleums The value and status of the monument.
It is the crystallization of political thought, social culture, aestheticconsciousness, architectural technology and national financial resources in theearly Ming Dynasty. The layout design and architectural form of the mausoleumhave distinctive style of the times and exemplary spirit. It not only inheritedthe excellent elements of the imperial mausoleum system of Han, Tang and SongDynasties, but also created a new imperial mausoleum system. The mausoleumsystem of Xiaoling in Ming Dynasty regulated the overall pattern and style ofmausoleum construction in Ming and Qing Dynasties for more than 500 years. Itsstatus was lofty and its influence was far-reaching.
8. 南京明孝陵導游詞 篇八
Today, my parents took me to Xiaoling scenic spot. Xiaoling of Ming Dynastyis the mausoleum of Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of Ming Dynasty. Here is not onlybeautiful scenery, but also some historical knowledge, so every holiday, willgather many tourists.
Entering the gate of Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, the first thing that comes tomind is 2 sacred Dao. One is the stone road of the East and the west, and theother is 615 meters long. In the order of the road, six stone animals are lions,tiers, camels, elephants, Kirin and horses. The other is the Weng Chong Road,the Shinto road in the north and south direction, 250 meters long, two pairs ofWen _ and two pairs of Wen Chen on the pillar. The top of the column iscylindrical, and its body is carved with dragon patterns. The dignified anddignified generals are the loyal guardians of the mausoleum. Shinto is flankedby lush towering trees, each tree has a red canna. Twigs and leaves of the treetwists and turns into a Green Avenue.
At the Xiaoling Museum of the Ming Dynasty, I visited some unearthedcultural relics of the Ming Dynasty, including jades and ceramics. I also knewthat there were 16 emperors in the Ming Dynasty, three of whom had theircapitals in Nanjing for 53 years.
A stone turtle carries a large stone tablet on its back, which is engravedwith "Zhilong Tang and Song Dynasties". This is the famous tablet hall. This isEmperor Kangxi's praise for Zhu Yuanzhang's ruling the country more than that ofTang and Song dynasties. On both sides of the times are the imperial steles ofEmperor Qianlong's physical skills.
The hall of enjoyment is one of the main buildings in Xiaoling Mausoleum ofMing Dynasty, which is used to worship Zhu Yuanzhang, Empress and concubines.There are three floors, and there are stone dragons in four corners of eachfloor.
On the way home, the beautiful scenery of Ming Xiaoling isunforgettable.
9. 南京明孝陵導游詞 篇九
御碑亭后是孝陵原主要建筑享殿，即孝陵殿的舊址。可以看到原來三層石造須彌座臺基，臺基高3米，臺基的四角上，還遺留有石雕的螭首，臺基前后中央踏垛中間的陛石上，還能看到二龍戲珠、日照山河、天馬行空六塊淺雕。三層須彌座上有殿基，殿中原供奉朱元璋與馬皇后神主，清咸豐三年(1853年)毀于兵火。現在大殿殿基上還保存著大石礎56個。據此可推斷當年孝陵殿是面闊九間，進深五間的巨大建筑。當時享殿規模遠比北京十三陵明成祖的長陵享殿要大。現在的三間小殿，是清同治年間兩次重修的。當時清政府已內外交困，財源枯竭，無力照原樣加以恢復，規模與原享殿已不可同日而語了。現殿已辟為“明孝陵史料陳列室”，室內可以看到朱元璋肖像，肖像上題“太祖遺像”四字，但它既不是明代之物，也不是太祖真像，而是1980年修明孝陵時，按清末的肖像重新復制的。
從這里向北望去，一道山嶺沿東西方向綿延，它就是著名的鐘山。鐘山，又稱紫金山，位于寧鎮山脈西端，東西長8公里，南北寬約3公里，成弧形。山上林木繁茂，山南麓名勝古跡眾多，鐘山風景區是國家級風景名勝區。它的主峰北高峰，海拔448米，是寧鎮山脈最高峰。明孝陵和中山陵分別位于主峰南坡的西側和東側。沿著主峰向西，是鐘山第三峰天堡山，海拔250米。太平天國時期太平軍與清軍曾激戰于此，至今留有太平天國的天堡城遺跡。現在舉世聞名的紫金山天文臺座落在上面。從這里望去，可見天文臺金屬球形建筑在陽光下熠熠生輝。
傳說朱元璋登基不久，就召見劉基、徐達、常遇春、湯和等人，要他們一起來選擇建造皇陵的地址，并約定大家各自先用紙條寫好墓址，互相不準通氣，然后一齊攤出來，結果大家不約而同地都寫著“獨龍阜玩珠峰”。說明對孝陵的陵址，朱元璋是經過一番選擇的。那么獨龍阜玩珠峰究竟在哪里呢?現在我們從享殿向北，方城后面即是。
經過一道過門，越過大石橋(又稱升仙橋)，就是方城。從文武方門到方城距離375米。
方城是寶頂前面的一座巨大建筑，外部用大條石建成，正面自須彌座臺基至墻面頂端高16.25米，東西長75.26米，南北寬30.95米。方城東西兩側各有八字墻一堵，墻面四角飾有磚雕花紋，這些磚雕是明代初年的代表作品。沿方城正中券門入隧道，中間有54級臺階，出隧道為方城與寶頂間的夾道。正面用條石十三層壘筑的寶頂南墻，上橫刻“此山明太祖之墓”七個字，據說這七個字刻于民國初年，是用以回答游人詢問的。
由東西走道折向南拾級而上，登上明樓。明樓現存磚墻四壁，樓頂原是重檐黃瓦，但已在咸豐三年(1853年)的戰火中化為灰燼了。
方城的后面修筑在獨龍阜玩珠峰上的寶頂，又稱寶城，是一個直徑325至400米的圓形大土丘。寶城指環繞寶頂周圍約1公里多長的磚墻。寶城寶頂的皇陵形制開創了明清500多年帝王陵墓的先河。只是明代寶頂大致為圓形，清代帝陵的寶頂改為橢圓形罷了。
寶頂上樹木參天，它的下面就是朱元璋與馬皇后埋葬的玄宮。據史書記載，當時殉葬的宮女有10多人。在寶城東面不遠處，還有東陵，是朱元璋長子懿文太子朱標的墓。
南京民間流傳有這樣的傳說：朱元璋死后，十三個城門同時出棺材。此說緣于朱元璋生前濫殺無辜太多，生怕被人盜墓。但是，這一傳說并無充分根據。原因是孝陵在朱元璋生前已經經營造了20多年，陵墓內設施已建成，馬皇后也已葬入孝陵中;據史載，朱元璋死于閏五月底，六月初埋葬，正是南京的夏季，另在別處建陵已來不及;再者，孝陵靠宮城很近，北倚鐘山，南有皇墻，守有重兵，其安全程度遠遠高于別處。因此可以斷定，朱元璋的陵寢就在明孝陵。
1999年初南京市文物局組織對明孝陵進行了調查勘探，用高科技精密磁測技術探明，朱元璋的地下玄宮(墓室)就在明孝陵玩珠峰地下數十米處，且保存完好，并未被盜掘過，還探明了玄宮的基本布局。這一工作，科學地破譯了歷來眾說紛紜的不解之謎。
明孝陵建成至今已有600多年，清代康熙、乾隆皇帝數次到此謁陵。建國后，人民政府多次撥款修繕，1961年經國務院批準，明孝陵列入全國第一批重點文物保護單位。
各位朋友，明初有朱元璋、朱允炆、朱棣三個皇帝定都在南京，前后經歷50多年，至今留有南京城墻、明故宮遺址、瞻園、莫愁湖勝棋樓、陽山碑材、鄭和墓等明代勝跡。歡迎有興趣的游客參加明初遺跡專線游覽，我將十分樂意再次陪同大家。謝謝各位的合作!
10. 南京明孝陵導游詞 篇十
石像路盡頭，我們看到神道拐向東北，進入石翁仲路。拐彎處立一對望柱，也就是常說的華表，高6.25米，上刻云龍紋飾，它在這里作為指示道路的標志。
路右側有座小山，稱梅花山。梅花山，原名孫陵崗，又稱吳王墳，最早是三國東吳大帝孫權墓所在，立有一碑：“孫權墓”，被列為省級文物保護單位。山上，1929年始植梅花，每逢初春季節，繁花似錦，暗香襲人，游人如織，已成為全國著名賞梅勝地之一。
神道在這里繞梅花山成弓背形。相傳當年籌建孝陵時，有人建議將孫權墓遷走，朱元璋卻說：孫權也是一條好漢，就留著他給我守門吧!但是，神道彎曲的真正原因有傳說是朱元璋為了加大神道的長度，以增加陵墓的氣勢，并且篤信從入口處不能一眼望到陵寢的“風水”。所以，孝陵神道的平面布局不取統一的南北中軸線，完全依山勢的回旋變化，任其自然，彎曲布置。這確實是朱元璋突破傳統的一個創新。明代南京城墻的建造，同樣是這樣：依山就水，注重軍事實用，沒有拘泥傳統古制的正方或長方形，而成為一個不規則的平面布局形狀。它周長33.67公里，堪稱“世界第一大城”。
在石翁仲路中間有四對各高3米的石翁仲(陵墓神道的石人像);兩對武將，身披甲胄，手執金吾，雄壯威武;兩對文臣，身著朝服，手捧笏板，形象生動。對此，清人有詩寫道：“石馬嘶風翁仲立，猶疑子夜點朝班”，真是十分傳神地描述了主人生前宮城御道的情形。請看這些文臣、武將石刻的面部均莊重、嚴肅，這是有它的歷史背景的。明初，朱元璋實行廷杖制度，凡有大臣惹怒皇帝即要被體罰，受到廷杖，“使天下莫不駭然”。這些翁仲們凝固的表情不正是明代等級森嚴的封建朝廷和皇威專制的寫照嗎!歲月悠悠，600多年過去了，人世滄桑，而文物依舊，它們都成了歷史的見證和研究工作的寶貴實物。
下面請大家跟隨我，過欞星門遺跡，在御河橋處越橋向北，游覽孝陵的主體陵寢建筑。孝陵后部的主體建筑包括文武方門，御碑亭、享殿、方城、明樓、寶城、寶頂等，都是按照中軸線配制，體現了我國傳統建筑的風格：座北朝南、中軸對稱。
首先看到的文武方門，這是孝陵的正門。原有五門，三大兩小，圮毀后于同治年間改為一道門。門額青石上刻“明孝陵”陰文，為曾國藩手書。現在我們看到的大門是1999年初重新修復的，恢復了大門原貌，五門、黃瓦、朱門、紅墻，相互映襯，流光溢彩，雄渾莊嚴。在大門東墻南面，立有一塊“特別告示碑”。碑是宣統元年(1909年)所立，當時八國聯軍進攻北京，火燒圓明園后，到處搜掠和破壞我國名勝古跡，鑒于此，地方官員用日、德、意、英、法、俄六國文字刻成碑文，用來重申保護孝陵的注意事項。
進門不遠，可見一歇山頂建筑，這就是御碑亭。因為亭中樹立有康熙、乾隆皇帝題字的碑刻，因此得名。御碑亭原為孝陵享殿前的中門，即孝陵門。在它的左邊和右邊原有御廚、宰牲亭、具服殿等建筑。門已毀，清代在原石須彌座上建了現在這個亭。
亭中陳列著五塊碑。正中一塊刻“治隆唐宋”四字，為康熙皇帝手書。碑高3.85米，寬1.42米。“治隆唐宋”的意思是頌揚明太祖治國方略超過唐太宗李世民和宋太祖趙匡胤。作為滿清皇帝的康熙如此詔示天下，一方面表示了他對朱元璋的尊重和欽佩之意，另一方面也是有其良苦用心的。康熙執政之初，漢人不服滿人統治。康熙深知，光靠滿人高壓政策治國是不行的，必須依靠漢人。他一生中六次南巡，五次拜謁明孝陵，行三跪九叩大禮;“治隆唐宋”就是他1699年第三次下江南謁陵時所題，并由曹雪芹的祖父，當時的“江南織造”郎中曹寅立碑。他是想籍此籠絡人心，以緩和漢滿矛盾，加強其統治。從中亦可看出康熙的雄才大略。“治隆唐宋”碑左右各有乾隆詩碑一塊，碑后東西還有臥碑兩塊，分別記敘康熙，乾隆謁陵紀事，背面刻的是當時兩江總督等人的題名。
11. 南京明孝陵導游詞 篇十一
過了華表，這由南往北排列著的是8個石人，其中4個文臣，4個武將，人們也把它們叫做石翁仲，因此這段路又叫翁仲路。傳說翁件原是秦始皇時的一名大力士，名叫阮翁仲，此人身高一丈三尺，勇猛元比，曾駐守臨洮(今甘肅岷縣)，鎮服匈奴有功。死后，秦始皇為了紀念他，便鑄了阮翁仲銅像，立在咸陽官司馬門外。匈奴人來咸陽，遠遠看見這尊銅像，都畏懼不敢靠近。從此以后，人們就把銅像、石像通稱為“翁仲”了。這些翁仲全部用整塊石料雕鑿而成，文臣身穿朝服，端莊肅穆;武將披甲戴盔，威武雄壯。這些石人像和前面的石獸同為明代石雕藝術的珍品。
【明孝陵主體建筑：金水橋—文武坊門—碑殿—孝陵殿—方城—明樓—寶頂】
走完3里神道，明孝陵的引導建筑便參觀完畢了。接著請大家跟我往北前行，去參觀明孝陵的主體建筑。
首先我們來到了金水橋前，金水橋為三孔石橋，橋面設有欄桿。從金水橋直到方城、寶頂，方向為正南北，建筑按中軸線對稱配置。
從金水橋向北200米，順坡而上，這就是明孝陵主體建筑的正門，名叫文武坊門。門上嵌有青石碑一方，寬1.99米，高1.07米，陰刻餾金“明孝陵”3個大宇，為曾國藩所題，邊飾云龍花紋。現在的大門等建筑是清同治四年(1865年)重建的。門外東側墻下，立有一塊“特別告示碑”，高1.05米，寬0.63米，用日、德、意、英、法、俄六國文字鐫刻，內容是保護明孝陵的告示。這塊碑是清宣統元年(1909年)兩江洋務總局道臺和江寧知府會銜豎立的。
進人文武坊正門，是一座清代同治八年(1869年)所建的碑殿。碑殿正中豎立著高大的石碑5塊，中間一塊最為醒目，上書“治隆唐宋”四個大字，這是清圣祖玄燁于康熙三十八年(1699年)第三次南巡拜謁明孝陵時題寫的。意思是贊揚明太祖的功績勝過了唐宗家祖。這塊碑高3.85米，寬1.42米，碑下有座。碑的兩側，還有兩塊立碑，分別刻有乾隆巡謁明孝陵時的兩首題詩。
由碑殿向北55米，是享殿。從正門到享殿，地上用巨石鋪成一條寬1.6米的御道。享殿原名孝陵殿，是明孝陵的主要建筑，于洪武十六年(1383年)建成。我們現在看到的是清同治十二年重建的享殿，殿為3間，檐高3.11米，長11米，進深7米，規模比原來的孝陵殿小得多。殿內掛著的是朱元津與馬皇后畫像的復制品。殿的`前后各有踏垛三道，這中央踏垛居中部分稱“陛”，上陛為“二龍戲珠”，中陛為“日照山河”，下陛為“天馬行空”，均為浮雕圖案。
穿過內紅門，走過大石橋，一座全部用大條石筑成的大型建筑便呈現在我們面前，這就是方城。它前高16.25米，后高民13米，東西長75.26米，南北寬31米，東西兩側有八字墻。方城正中是一個高大的拱門，拱門內是一條深長的隧道，由54級石階組成，出隧道分左右二石階，向南登上方城，便是明樓所在。
明樓俗稱“馬娘娘梳妝臺”，東西長39.15米，南北寬18.40米。南面開拱門3個，東、西、北三面各開拱門一個，樓內地面用方磚鋪地。明樓原來是有頂的，現僅存四壁。方城和明樓是明代的創新，明以前的帝王陵墓都沒有這樣的建筑。在寶頂前面建造一座高大的方城和明樓，其中又夾以深送的隧道，更增加了莊嚴肅穆的氣氛，顯示出帝王的無比威嚴。
方城之后就是寶頂，也叫寶城，只見正面的石壁上橫刻著“此山明太祖之墓”7個楷書大字。據說，它刻于民國初年，用以回答游人的提問。寶城是一座近似圓形的小丘，直徑約325米到400米，四周圍有磚墻，墻以條石作基礎，依山就勢而筑，高約7米，墻頂厚度2.I米。寶頂之上，樹木參天，明太祖和馬皇后的地宮就在這寶頂之下。據說，這地宮完全按南京明故宮前朝后寢形式建造。根據專家考證，據陵墓地面建筑的規模估計，這座地下宮殿必定大于北京昌平十三陵中已發掘的第十個陵墓“定陵”。但由于種.種原因，至今未曾得到發掘，一旦發掘，必將又是一大奇觀。
各位游客：明孝陵的導游講解就到此結束，大家如果有什么問題要問，我將盡量滿足你們。現在清隨我一起上車，去游覽下一個景點。